TY - JOUR T1 - Archaeosortases and exosortases are widely distributed systems linking membrane transit with posttranslational modification JF - Journal of bacteriologyJournal of bacteriology Y1 - 2012 A1 - Haft, Daniel H. A1 - Payne, Samuel H. A1 - J. Selengut KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Aminoacyltransferases KW - Archaeal Proteins KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - Cell Membrane KW - Cysteine Endopeptidases KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Archaeal KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Protein Processing, Post-Translational AB - Multiple new prokaryotic C-terminal protein-sorting signals were found that reprise the tripartite architecture shared by LPXTG and PEP-CTERM: motif, TM helix, basic cluster. Defining hidden Markov models were constructed for all. PGF-CTERM occurs in 29 archaeal species, some of which have more than 50 proteins that share the domain. PGF-CTERM proteins include the major cell surface protein in Halobacterium, a glycoprotein with a partially characterized diphytanylglyceryl phosphate linkage near its C terminus. Comparative genomics identifies a distant exosortase homolog, designated archaeosortase A (ArtA), as the likely protein-processing enzyme for PGF-CTERM. Proteomics suggests that the PGF-CTERM region is removed. Additional systems include VPXXXP-CTERM/archeaosortase B in two of the same archaea and PEF-CTERM/archaeosortase C in four others. Bacterial exosortases often fall into subfamilies that partner with very different cohorts of extracellular polymeric substance biosynthesis proteins; several species have multiple systems. Variant systems include the VPDSG-CTERM/exosortase C system unique to certain members of the phylum Verrucomicrobia, VPLPA-CTERM/exosortase D in several alpha- and deltaproteobacterial species, and a dedicated (single-target) VPEID-CTERM/exosortase E system in alphaproteobacteria. Exosortase-related families XrtF in the class Flavobacteria and XrtG in Gram-positive bacteria mark distinctive conserved gene neighborhoods. A picture emerges of an ancient and now well-differentiated superfamily of deeply membrane-embedded protein-processing enzymes. Their target proteins are destined to transit cellular membranes during their biosynthesis, during which most undergo additional posttranslational modifications such as glycosylation. VL - 194 N1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22037399?dopt=Abstract ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Archaeosortases and exosortases are widely distributed systems linking membrane transit with posttranslational modification. JF - J Bacteriol Y1 - 2012 A1 - Haft, Daniel H A1 - Payne, Samuel H A1 - Selengut, Jeremy D KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Aminoacyltransferases KW - Archaeal Proteins KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - Cell Membrane KW - Cysteine Endopeptidases KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Archaeal KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Protein Processing, Post-Translational AB -

Multiple new prokaryotic C-terminal protein-sorting signals were found that reprise the tripartite architecture shared by LPXTG and PEP-CTERM: motif, TM helix, basic cluster. Defining hidden Markov models were constructed for all. PGF-CTERM occurs in 29 archaeal species, some of which have more than 50 proteins that share the domain. PGF-CTERM proteins include the major cell surface protein in Halobacterium, a glycoprotein with a partially characterized diphytanylglyceryl phosphate linkage near its C terminus. Comparative genomics identifies a distant exosortase homolog, designated archaeosortase A (ArtA), as the likely protein-processing enzyme for PGF-CTERM. Proteomics suggests that the PGF-CTERM region is removed. Additional systems include VPXXXP-CTERM/archeaosortase B in two of the same archaea and PEF-CTERM/archaeosortase C in four others. Bacterial exosortases often fall into subfamilies that partner with very different cohorts of extracellular polymeric substance biosynthesis proteins; several species have multiple systems. Variant systems include the VPDSG-CTERM/exosortase C system unique to certain members of the phylum Verrucomicrobia, VPLPA-CTERM/exosortase D in several alpha- and deltaproteobacterial species, and a dedicated (single-target) VPEID-CTERM/exosortase E system in alphaproteobacteria. Exosortase-related families XrtF in the class Flavobacteria and XrtG in Gram-positive bacteria mark distinctive conserved gene neighborhoods. A picture emerges of an ancient and now well-differentiated superfamily of deeply membrane-embedded protein-processing enzymes. Their target proteins are destined to transit cellular membranes during their biosynthesis, during which most undergo additional posttranslational modifications such as glycosylation.

VL - 194 CP - 1 M3 - 10.1128/JB.06026-11 ER -