@article {49738,
	title = {Primate transcript and protein expression levels evolve under compensatory selection pressures.},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {342},
	year = {2013},
	month = {2013 Nov 29},
	pages = {1100-4},
	abstract = {<p>Changes in gene regulation have likely played an important role in the evolution of primates. Differences in messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels across primates have often been documented; however, it is not yet known to what extent measurements of divergence in mRNA levels reflect divergence in protein expression levels, which are probably more important in determining phenotypic differences. We used high-resolution, quantitative mass spectrometry to collect protein expression measurements from human, chimpanzee, and rhesus macaque lymphoblastoid cell lines and compared them to transcript expression data from the same samples. We found dozens of genes with significant expression differences between species at the mRNA level yet little or no difference in protein expression. Overall, our data suggest that protein expression levels evolve under stronger evolutionary constraint than mRNA levels.</p>},
	keywords = {Animals, Evolution, Molecular, Gene Expression Regulation, HUMANS, Macaca mulatta, Pan troglodytes, Protein Biosynthesis, RNA, Messenger, Selection, Genetic, Species Specificity, Transcription, Genetic},
	issn = {1095-9203},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1242379},
	author = {Khan, Zia and Ford, Michael J and Cusanovich, Darren A and Mitrano, Amy and Pritchard, Jonathan K and Gilad, Yoav}
}
@article {49563,
	title = {An outdoor 3-D visual tracking system for the study of spatial navigation and memory in rhesus monkeys.},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2005},
	month = {2005 Aug},
	pages = {453-63},
	abstract = {<p>Previous studies of the navigational abilities of nonhuman primates have largely been limited to what could be described by a human observer with a pen and paper. Consequently, we have developed a system that uses a pair of cameras to automatically obtain the three-dimensional trajectory of rhesus monkeys performing an outdoor spatial navigation and memory task. The system provides trajectories, path length, speed, and other variables that would be impossible for an unaided observer to note. From trajectory data, we computed and validated a path-length measurement. We use this measurement to compare the navigation abilities of several animals. In addition, we provide quantitative data on the accuracy of a method for automatic behavior detection. Currently, the system is being used to examine the sex differences in spatial navigation of rhesus monkeys. We expect that measures derived from the trajectory data will reveal strategies used by animals to solve spatial problems.</p>},
	keywords = {Animals, Behavior, Animal, Macaca mulatta, Memory, Models, Biological, Space Perception, Visual Perception},
	issn = {1554-351X},
	author = {Khan, Zia and Herman, Rebecca A and Wallen, Kim and Balch, Tucker}
}
