TY - JOUR T1 - The draft genome of Ciona intestinalis: insights into chordate and vertebrate origins. JF - Science Y1 - 2002 A1 - Dehal, Paramvir A1 - Satou, Yutaka A1 - Campbell, Robert K A1 - Chapman, Jarrod A1 - Degnan, Bernard A1 - De Tomaso, Anthony A1 - Davidson, Brad A1 - Di Gregorio, Anna A1 - Gelpke, Maarten A1 - Goodstein, David M A1 - Harafuji, Naoe A1 - Hastings, Kenneth E M A1 - Ho, Isaac A1 - Hotta, Kohji A1 - Huang, Wayne A1 - Kawashima, Takeshi A1 - Lemaire, Patrick A1 - Martinez, Diego A1 - Meinertzhagen, Ian A A1 - Necula, Simona A1 - Nonaka, Masaru A1 - Putnam, Nik A1 - Rash, Sam A1 - Saiga, Hidetoshi A1 - Satake, Masanobu A1 - Terry, Astrid A1 - Yamada, Lixy A1 - Wang, Hong-Gang A1 - Awazu, Satoko A1 - Azumi, Kaoru A1 - Boore, Jeffrey A1 - Branno, Margherita A1 - Chin-Bow, Stephen A1 - DeSantis, Rosaria A1 - Doyle, Sharon A1 - Francino, Pilar A1 - Keys, David N A1 - Haga, Shinobu A1 - Hayashi, Hiroko A1 - Hino, Kyosuke A1 - Imai, Kaoru S A1 - Inaba, Kazuo A1 - Kano, Shungo A1 - Kobayashi, Kenji A1 - Kobayashi, Mari A1 - Lee, Byung-In A1 - Makabe, Kazuhiro W A1 - Manohar, Chitra A1 - Matassi, Giorgio A1 - Medina, Monica A1 - Mochizuki, Yasuaki A1 - Mount, Steve A1 - Morishita, Tomomi A1 - Miura, Sachiko A1 - Nakayama, Akie A1 - Nishizaka, Satoko A1 - Nomoto, Hisayo A1 - Ohta, Fumiko A1 - Oishi, Kazuko A1 - Rigoutsos, Isidore A1 - Sano, Masako A1 - Sasaki, Akane A1 - Sasakura, Yasunori A1 - Shoguchi, Eiichi A1 - Shin-i, Tadasu A1 - Spagnuolo, Antoinetta A1 - Stainier, Didier A1 - Suzuki, Miho M A1 - Tassy, Olivier A1 - Takatori, Naohito A1 - Tokuoka, Miki A1 - Yagi, Kasumi A1 - Yoshizaki, Fumiko A1 - Wada, Shuichi A1 - Zhang, Cindy A1 - Hyatt, P Douglas A1 - Larimer, Frank A1 - Detter, Chris A1 - Doggett, Norman A1 - Glavina, Tijana A1 - Hawkins, Trevor A1 - Richardson, Paul A1 - Lucas, Susan A1 - Kohara, Yuji A1 - Levine, Michael A1 - Satoh, Nori A1 - Rokhsar, Daniel S KW - Alleles KW - Animals KW - Apoptosis KW - Base Sequence KW - Cellulose KW - Central Nervous System KW - Ciona intestinalis KW - Computational Biology KW - Endocrine System KW - Gene Dosage KW - Gene Duplication KW - genes KW - Genes, Homeobox KW - Genome KW - Heart KW - Immunity KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Multigene Family KW - Muscle Proteins KW - Organizers, Embryonic KW - Phylogeny KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Proteins KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid KW - Species Specificity KW - Thyroid Gland KW - Urochordata KW - Vertebrates AB -

The first chordates appear in the fossil record at the time of the Cambrian explosion, nearly 550 million years ago. The modern ascidian tadpole represents a plausible approximation to these ancestral chordates. To illuminate the origins of chordate and vertebrates, we generated a draft of the protein-coding portion of the genome of the most studied ascidian, Ciona intestinalis. The Ciona genome contains approximately 16,000 protein-coding genes, similar to the number in other invertebrates, but only half that found in vertebrates. Vertebrate gene families are typically found in simplified form in Ciona, suggesting that ascidians contain the basic ancestral complement of genes involved in cell signaling and development. The ascidian genome has also acquired a number of lineage-specific innovations, including a group of genes engaged in cellulose metabolism that are related to those in bacteria and fungi.

VL - 298 CP - 5601 M3 - 10.1126/science.1080049 ER -