The Trypanosoma cruzi L1Tc and NARTc non-LTR retrotransposons show relative site specificity for insertion.
Title | The Trypanosoma cruzi L1Tc and NARTc non-LTR retrotransposons show relative site specificity for insertion. |
Publication Type | Journal Articles |
Year of Publication | 2006 |
Authors | Bringaud F, Bartholomeu DC, Blandin G, Delcher A, Baltz T, el-Sayed NMA, Ghedin E |
Journal | Mol Biol Evol |
Volume | 23 |
Issue | 2 |
Pagination | 411-20 |
Date Published | 2006 Feb |
ISSN | 0737-4038 |
Keywords | Animals, DNA, Protozoan, DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase, Mutagenesis, Insertional, Retroelements, Sequence Deletion, Trypanosoma cruzi |
Abstract | The trypanosomatid protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi contains long autonomous (L1Tc) and short nonautonomous (NARTc) non-long terminal repeat retrotransposons. NARTc (0.25 kb) probably derived from L1Tc (4.9 kb) by 3'-deletion. It has been proposed that their apparent random distribution in the genome is related to the L1Tc-encoded apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE) activity, which repairs modified residues. To address this question we used the T. cruzi (CL-Brener strain) genome data to analyze the distribution of all the L1Tc/NARTc elements present in contigs larger than 10 kb. This data set, which represents 0.91x sequence coverage of the haploid nuclear genome ( approximately 55 Mb), contains 419 elements, including 112 full-length L1Tc elements (14 of which are potentially functional) and 84 full-length NARTc. Approximately half of the full-length elements are flanked by a target site duplication, most of them (87%) are 12 bp long. Statistical analyses of sequences flanking the full-length elements show the same highly conserved pattern upstream of both the L1Tc and NARTc retrotransposons. The two most conserved residues are a guanine and an adenine, which flank the site where first-strand cleavage is performed by the element-encoded endonuclease activity. This analysis clearly indicates that the L1Tc and NARTc elements display relative site specificity for insertion, which suggests that the APE activity is not responsible for first-strand cleavage of the target site. |
DOI | 10.1093/molbev/msj046 |
Alternate Journal | Mol. Biol. Evol. |
PubMed ID | 16267142 |
Grant List | AI43062 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States AI45038 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States |